Γλωσσάρι Δικτυακών Ορολογιών
Ταξινομημένα προς το παρόν Κατά τελευταία ενημέρωση (αύξουσα) Ταξινόμηση χρονολογικά: Κατά τελευταία ενημέρωση
pingShort for Packet Internet
Groper or Packet Inter-network Groper, a utility to
determine whether a specific IP address is accessible. It
works by sending a packet to the specified address and
waiting for a reply. PING is used primarily to
troubleshoot Internet connections. | |
ACKNotification sent from one network device to
another to acknowledge that some event (for example, receipt of a message) has occurred. | |
IPXInternetwork Packet
Exchange. NetWare network layer
(Layer 3) protocol used for transferring data from servers to
workstations. IPX is similar to IP and XNS. | |
AUIAttachment unit interface. IEEE
802.3 interface between an MAU and a NIC (network interface card). The term AUI can also
refer to the rear panel port to which an AUI cable might attach, such as those found on a
Cisco LightStream Ethernet access card. Also called transceiver cable. | |
NICNetwork interface
card. Board that provides network communication
capabilities to and from a computer system. Also called an adapter. |
address maskBit combination used to describe which portion of
an address refers to the network or subnet and which part refers to the host. Sometimes
referred to simply as mask. See also subnet mask.
| |
subnet mask32-bit address mask used in
IP to indicate the bits of an IP address that are being used for the
subnet address. Sometimes referred to simply as mask. | |
subnetworkIn IP networks, a
network sharing a particular subnet address. Subnetworks are
networks arbitrarily segmented by a network administrator in order
to provide a multilevel, hierarchical routing structure while
shielding the subnetwork from the addressing complexity of attached
networks. Sometimes called a subnet. | |
switchNetwork device that
filters, forwards, and floods frames based on the destination
address of each frame. The switch operates at the data link layer of
the OSI model. | |
ARPAddress Resolution Protocol.
Internet protocol used to map an IP address to a MAC address. Defined in RFC 826. | |
ARPAAdvanced Research Projects Agency.
Research and development organization that is part of DoD. ARPA is responsible for
numerous technological advances in communications and networking. ARPA evolved into DARPA,
and then back into ARPA again (in 1994). | |
ARPANETAdvanced Research Projects Agency Network.
Landmark packet-switching network established in 1969. ARPANET was developed in the 1970s
by BBN and funded by ARPA (and later DARPA). It eventually evolved into the Internet. The
term ARPANET was officially retired in 1990. | |
ATDMAsynchronous time-division multiplexing.
Method of sending information that resembles normal TDM, except that time slots are
allocated as needed rather than preassigned to specific transmitters. |
ATMAsynchronous Transfer Mode.
International standard for cell relay in which multiple service types (such as voice,
video, or data) are conveyed in fixed-length (53-byte) cells. Fixed-length cells allow
cell processing to occur in hardware, thereby reducing transit delays. ATM is designed to
take advantage of high-speed transmission media such as E3, SONET, and T3. |
ATPAppleTalk Transaction Protocol.
Transport-level protocol that allows reliable request-response exchanges between two
socket clients. | |
backboneThe part of a network that acts as the
primary path for traffic that is most often sourced from, and
destined for, other networks. | |
bandwidthThe difference between the highest and
lowest frequencies available for network signals. The term is also
used to describe the rated throughput capacity of a given network
medium or protocol. | |
bandwidth reservationProcess of assigning bandwidth to users
and applications served by a network. Involves ssigning priority to
different flows of traffic based on how critical and delay-sensitive
they are. This makes the best use of available bandwidth, and if the
network becomes congested, lower-priority traffic can be dropped.
Sometimes called bandwidth allocation. | |
basebandCharacteristic of a network technology
where only one carrier frequency is used. Ethernet is an example of
a baseband network. Also called narrowband. Contrast with broadband. | |
baudUnit of signaling speed equal to the
number of discrete signal elements transmitted per second. Baud is
synonymous with bits per second (bps), if each signal element
represents exactly 1 bit. | |